TECHNICAL BLOG

Applications, research and engineering practice

A publication area for KUNWU application notes, scientific reviews and practical process guides.

Figure 1 · Weibull fitting of 86 dense blocks, characteristic compressive strength 365 MPa, characteristic Young’s modulus 10.8 GPa, and micro-CT reconstruction showing residual pores inside the blocks

β-TCPAPPLICATION / 2026

Applications

Strength prediction for β-TCP scaffolds

Modelling links porous-architecture parameters with the mechanical response of a bioceramic scaffold; it is a research tool, not a medical conclusion.

Al₂O₃RESEARCH / 2026

Structure design

Square and round alumina lattices

Comparing topologies shows that local nodes, open porosity and load direction matter as much as nominal cell size.

Figure 1 · Key factors in VPP 3D printing of piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composites

PZTRESEARCH / 2026

Materials research

Material–process–structure co-design for piezoceramics

Piezoelectric function depends on composition, orientation, poling and geometry; optimizing shape alone does not guarantee a better device.

Figure 1 · Viscosity curves of ceramic slurries with different solid contents (<60 vol.% nearly Newtonian fluid, >60 vol.% significantly increases to non-Newtonian fluid)

SiO₂RESEARCH / 2026

Process engineering

Solid loading and layering in ceramic cores

Higher powder loading can reduce shrinkage while changing viscosity, layer recoating and the risk of interlayer defects.

Figure 1 · The overall route of thermal-assisted two-photon lithography: starting from photosensitive resin, four types of inorganic microstructures are obtained through printing and thermal conversion: glass, ceramics, metal, and carbon.

TPLRESEARCH / 2026

Research horizon

Two-photon microstructures in glass, ceramic, metal and carbon

The review follows two-photon lithography from polymer templates to inorganic microstructures through different conversion routes.

Figure 1 Overview of the experimental framework: (a) Rheological microscopy device, combining fluorescence microscopy and bright-field imaging; (b) Micrograph of STO gel with pH≈11 between parallel plates; (c) Overview of rheological testing methods: continuous shear, LAOS, 3ITT; (d) LAOS data acquisition and analysis framework; (e) DIW printing process and key parameters; (f) GER single filament stretching experiment

DIWRESEARCH / 2026

Process engineering

Rheology recovery as a DIW printability metric

Beyond yield stress, post-shear recovery rate matters because it controls filament retention and multilayer stability.

Figure 1 · Layer morphology and curing depth change curves of BTO-0.2 and BTO-0.5 under different exposure times

BaTiO₃RESEARCH / 2026

Materials research

BaTiO₃ from particle size to sintering

Particle size affects rheology and light scattering, then cure depth, green-part defects and property development during sintering.

Figure 1 · Panoramic view of multi-scale structure fabrication by ceramic photocuring

VPPRESEARCH / 2026

Process engineering

A successful print is not yet a successful sintered part

Defects may appear only during debinding and sintering, so success criteria must cover final density, cracks, distortion and dimensions.